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How Does a Tadpole Turn Into a Frog?

How do swimming tadpoles transform into hopping frogs? Watch this video to find out, or read our explanation below!


Frog eggs

Frogs Are Born as Tadpoles

From tiny eggs on the surface of the water, tadpoles hatch. They start out teeny-tiny, with a single tailfin to swim around and eat all the algae they can find. They grow and grow for about 3 months, at which point they’re finally big enough to start their transformation.

 

They Transform by Reading New DNA

All body parts for all living things are made by their cells “reading” their DNA. When tadpoles are old enough, their cells start reading DNA to grow frog parts - DNA that was there the whole time, but that their cells weren’t using. Once that happens, the transformation is rapid: tadpoles absorb their tail and use it to grow frog legs. They grow skin over their gills and grow lungs, and their eyes move to the top of their head. Their intestines change to be able to digest bugs instead of algae. After just 24 hours, what was once a tadpole is now a frog!

Tadpole transformation stages
 
frogs

A Frog’s Life

Frogs are amphibians, meaning they live both on land and in the water. Frogs actually need wet skin in order to stay alive - that’s because they breathe both air, using their lungs, and water, using their skin! Frogs can stay submerged for hours by absorbing oxygen from water through their skin. All amphibians live both in the land on water, and undergo a similar metamorphosis, transforming from an aquatic juvenile stage to a terrestrial-and-aquatic adult stage.

Frog Facts for Kids

Got frog questions? We’ve got frog answers!

  • The now extinct Platypus Frog gave birth through its mouth! The mother frog would eat her eggs and let them grow and hatch inside her, before regurgitating her tadpole babies.

  • The GOLIATH frog! The Goliath Frog lives in the rainforests of Western Africa, and can grow as big as some house cats! Imagine keeping a giant frog as a pet instead of a cat! The flies alone would cost a fortune.

  • The Golden Poison Frog (wonder why it’s called that?) is the world’s most poisonous frog. In fact, it may even be the most poisonous animal, period! A single frog has enough venom on its skin to kill 10 people. It’s meant to ward off predators, but it’s even dangerous just to touch

  • Frogs’ tongues are sticky to help them catch insects, which they eat. They snap their long tongues out five times faster than the blink of a human eye. The tongues hit their prey hard and fast, so it’s actually really amazing that their prey sticks to it. When the tongue hits their prey, the frog’s saliva is turns liquidy, so that it goes all around the prey. Then, it becomes sticky and gooey, trapping the insect on the tongue.

    Also, frog’s tongues aren’t quite as long as they appear in cartoons - usually, they’re about ⅓ the length of the frog’s body. Which is still pretty long - imagine having a tongue down to your belly button!

  • The longest frog jump ever recorded, relative to body size, was by a South African sharp-nosed frog, which jumped 17 feet, 6 inches - about the length of a pickup truck. Could you jump that far? The most amazing part is that the frog was only about 2 inches long, so that means it jumped more than 90 times its own body length. That would be like a fully-grown adult leaping across one-and-a-half football fields.

  • Surprisingly, some frogs do have teeth! It depends on the species - some have teeth on just the tops of their mouths, a few have teeth on both the top and bottom, and some don’t have any teeth at all. For the most part, frogs with teeth don’t use their teeth to chew - they probably just use it to hold onto their prey after they catch it with their tongues.

  • Frogs mainly eat insects that they catch with their long, sticky tongues. They also sometimes eat snails, slugs, and worms.

  • Male frogs croak to attract female frogs. So when you hear a frog croak, you’re hearing a lonely frog looking for love.

  • Frogs and toads are very similar, but there’s a few ways to tell them apart. The easiest way is by their skin: toads have dry, rough, bumpy skin, while frogs have smooth, moist skin. A toad’s skin is better at holding in water, so they don’t need to keep them wet all the time, like frogs do. That’s also why toads can often be found farther away from water than frogs.

    Of course, scientifically, there isn’t an actual category for frogs and toads. People have separated frogs and toads by the way they look, but all of them belong to the Order Anura - it would be scientifically accurate to call every toad a frog.



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